Understanding childhood depression
Children can experience various types of depression, including major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), and even seasonal affective disorder.  While it’s normal for children to feel sad or moody from time to time, persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or irritability can be signs of something more serious.

Common signs of depression in children
Changes in mood: One of the most noticeable signs of depression is a change in mood.  If your child seems consistently sad, irritable, or withdrawn, it’s worth paying attention to.  They may cry easily or express feelings of hopelessness.
Loss of interest: Children typically have activities they enjoy.  A significant decline in interest in those activities—be it sports, hobbies, or social interactions—can be a red flag.  If your child suddenly loses interest in playing with friends or engaging in favorite activities, it may indicate depression.
Changes in appetite or sleep patterns: Depression can affect physical well-being.  You might notice your child overeating or not eating enough, as well as changes in their sleep patterns—insomnia or sleeping excessively.  These changes can be indicators that something is wrong.
Difficulty concentrating: If your child struggles to focus on schoolwork or everyday tasks, it may signal emotional distress.  This difficulty can manifest as poor academic performance, trouble completing assignments, or forgetfulness.
Physical complaints: Children may express emotional pain through physical symptoms.  Complaints of stomachaches, headaches, or other unexplained physical issues can be a way of manifesting their emotional state.  If medical evaluations find no physical causes, consider the possibility of depression.
Social withdrawal: A child who once thrived in social settings may begin to isolate themselves. They might avoid friends, family gatherings, or even classroom interactions.  This withdrawal can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness.
Low energy or fatigue: If your child seems consistently tired or lacks the energy to engage in daily activities, it could be a sign of depression.  They may appear sluggish or find it hard to get out of bed.
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt: Children may express feelings of inadequacy or guilt over small mistakes.  Comments like “I’m no good at anything” or “I always mess up” should not be dismissed, as they can indicate deeper emotional struggles.
Increased anger or irritability: Some children may express depression through anger.  If your child is frequently frustrated or angry, it could be a sign of underlying emotional issues rather than just typical childhood rebellion.
Thoughts of death or suicide: This is the most obvious and concerning sign.  If your child expresses thoughts about wanting to die or discusses suicide, it is crucial to take these statements seriously.  Seek immediate professional help.

What to do if you suspect depression
If you notice several of these signs persisting for more than two weeks, it’s essential to take action:
Open a dialogue: Create a safe space for your child to talk about their feelings.  Use open-ended questions and encourage them to express themselves without judgment.
Seek professional help: Consult a pediatrician or mental health professional specializing in children.  They can provide a proper assessment and recommend treatment options, which may include therapy or medication.
Educate yourself: Learn more about childhood depression to understand what your child is experiencing.  This knowledge can empower you to support them effectively.
Encourage healthy habits: Promote regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep.  These can all contribute to improved mental health.
Stay involved: Monitor your child’s mood and behaviors.  Continue to engage with them and provide the support they need.
Recognizing depression in children requires vigilance, empathy, and a willingness to address the issue.  By understanding the signs and taking proactive steps, you can provide the necessary support for your child to navigate their feelings and seek help when needed.  Remember, early intervention can make a significant difference in a child’s mental health journey.